137, no. 267274, 1998. M. Goldenberg, P. Das, M. Messersmith, D. W. Stockton, P. I. Patel, and R. N. D'Souza, Clinical, radiographic, and genetic evaluation of a novel form of autosomal-dominant oligodontia, Journal of Dental Research, vol. 1, pp. 41, no. K. L. Roald, P. J. Wisth, and O. E. Be, Changes in craniofacial morphology of individuals with hypodontia between the ages of 9 and 16, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, vol. 2, pp. Microdontia is a widely reported feature of hypodontia in case reports and case series [19]. Note the agenesis, Model showing continuous distribution of. It is a negative regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway, and this has been associated with lower incisor agenesis [23, 63]. Hypodontia, also known as congenitally missing teeth, is a dental condition that means you are born with fewer teeth than normal. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. 25% chance of having a son unaffected by hypodontia. Lower second premolars (the teeth just in front of your molars on the bottom). 245251, 2003. Since tooth development is under some degree of genetic control, it follows that hypodontia is also under genetic influence. For pregnancy to occur, several things have to . Should my child or I have further testing to find out if I have other genetic disorders. Conversely, it has been shown that extracting primary second molars at a suitable time, for example, before or close to the pubertal growth spurt peak, can lead to relief of anterior crowding and spontaneous closure of the missing permanent second premolar space [80]. Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies on the Most Commonly Missing Permanent Dentition (Excluding the Third Molars) in Non-Syndromic Dental Patients or Randomly-Selected Subjects, and the Factors Affecting the Observed Rates. 2 and 3, Table 1). 3, pp. The severity of hypodontia was similar between the two groups, with one to two teeth being affected. You can be diagnosed with hypodontia if there are any congenitally missing permanent teeth in your mouth. It has been widely reported that dental anomalies (delayed dental development and eruption, hypodontia, supernumeraries, hypoplasia and abnormalities in tooth size and shape) in CLP are commonly associated with the presence of the cleft [ 3 ]. When the cause is lies with the female partner, it is referred to as female infertility. But the good news is that its treatable. This subsequently degenerates leading to cementoblast development. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper. Earlier studies concentrated on the evolutional viewpoint, which attributed tooth agenesis to shortening of the intermaxillary complex and the reduction in tooth number due to shorter arches. Some people with hypodontia may also develop symptoms of ectodermal dysplasias. Hindawi: Hypodontia: An Update on Its Etiology, Classification, and Clinical Management. MSX1 is a member of the homeobox genes and it is expressed in regions of condensing ectomesenchyme in the tooth germ [61]. There is also a link between hypodontia and cleft lips and palates; it's most likely to occur when both the lip and palate are affected by the cleft. As with all state-funded dental treatments, a dentist has to determine whether there is a clinical need for the treatment. Most important is the assessment of the complaints of the patients and the parents. 1, pp. Introduction. Nevertheless, orthodontic treatment can facilitate any restorative treatment that may be required. (Dorland, 27th ed) Indeed, several syndromes involving hypodontia often exhibit various dysplasias and clefts. Tooth agenesis and hypodontia are the preferred terms in this work, with the latter term limited to missing teeth other than third molars. A female patient presenting with several common features of hypodontia. Lupinetti GM, Li P, Feagin K, MacDougall M, Lamani E. Prog Orthod. Kerekes-Mth B, Mrtha K, Bnescu C, O'Donnell MB, Brook AH. 5, pp. Recently, however, a frameshift mutation in MSX1 has been identified in a family missing all second premolars and mandibular central incisors [62]. such as infertility, obesity, hormone replacement therapy, early menarche, late menopause, and tobacco and alcohol use.32 We conducted a study to establish and compare The prevalence of hypodontia, which may be increasing with time, ranges from 1.6% to 36.5%, depending on the population studied [1]. K. Haselden, J. If your childs primary teeth dont erupt (emerge from their gums) by age 4 or permanent teeth by age 14 then a dentist should evaluate the issue. A mix of permanent and deciduous teeth was present (Figs. I. Satokata and R. Maas, Msx1 deficient mice exhibit cleft palate and abnormalities of craniofacial and tooth development, Nature Genetics, vol. About Hypodontia, X-linked. 1980 Aug;101(2):283-6. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1980.0186. Although numerous studies in the literature report on the prevalence, aetiology, and treatment of hypodontia, only few have investigated OHRQoL in individuals with hypodontia [73]. 9, pp. The study lacked a sufficient sample size, with only 11 subjects studied; and inclusion criteria involved only subjects with normal occlusion. Hence, the identification of genetic and environmental factors may be particularly useful in the early prediction of this condition and the development of prevention strategies and novel treatments in the future. Heritability can be expressed as a ratio that estimates the extent to which genetic characteristics affect the variation of a trait in a specific population at a point in time, and it is often investigated in twin studies [47]. H. Zhang, C. Quan, L.-D. Sun et al., A novel frameshift mutation of the EDA1 gene in a Chinese Han family with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, vol. Hypodontia is one of the typical symptoms of ectodermal dysplasias. 48, 1996. The diagnosis and prescription of your health practitioner are essential and should always be considered first. J. PMC 18, no. No significant sex difference in prevalence has been reported from any of the populations studied [8]. 34, no. 407, pp. 1, pp. 8, pp. Hypodontia can have a marked psychosocial effect and functional implications for a growing child. After this, the next most common congenitally missing teeth are the second premolar (thats the third one from the back, not counting wisdom teeth) and the lateral incisor (the third one from the front). 99, no. 11, no. If you have microdontia, meaning there is some tooth there but it is smaller than it should be, you may be able to have the rest of the tooth built up with composite or a veneer added as a cover. Fewer than six teeth missing is hypodontia. Read more about Medicaid and Medicare dental coverage. 16161622, 2011. A. H. Brook, M. B. O'Donnell, A. Hone et al., General and craniofacial development are complex adaptive processes influenced by diversity, Australian Dental Journal, vol. Most individuals were missing only one or two permanent teeth, with very few missing more than six. But left untreated, it can severely limit your quality of life. Hypodontia is a general term for when someone doesnt naturally develop all of their teeth. And although it is not a syndrome per se, there are some syndromes associated with hypodontia, including Down Syndrome and ectodermal dysplasia. B. Lindqvist, Extraction of the deciduous second molar in hypodontia, European Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 25302535, 2006. 32, no. S. N. Mitsui, A. Yasue, K. Masuda et al., Novel PAX9 mutations cause non-syndromic tooth agenesis, Journal of Dental Research, vol. -, Parkin N., Elcock C., Smith R. N., Griffin R. C., Brook A. H. The aetiology of hypodontia: the prevalence, severity and location of hypodontia within families. 108, no. At least 1 in 5 individuals lacks a third molar, while most individuals with hypodontia (80%) lack only one or two teeth [13, 14]. Space issues within the dental arch are multifactorial in origin. Over 300 genes are expressed and involved in tooth morphogenesis, including MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, EDA, SPRY2, TGFA, SPRY4, WNT10A, FGF3, FGF10, FGFR2, and BMP4 [23, 55, 56]. Children's Dental Center: What to Do If Your Child Is Missing a Permanent Tooth. Amanda specialises in writing informative content about dentistry. -, Nieminen P. Genetic basis of Tooth agenesis. Careers. Indeed, the deciduous teeth may be retained for up to 40 or 50 years [28]. Be aware that this type of brace is most likely not covered by Medicaid, and perhaps not by your private insurance as well. This means that a person assigned female at birth (AFAB) who has X-linked hypodontia has a: If your healthcare provider suspects hypodontia, dental X-rays can confirm the diagnosis. National Library of Medicine Hyperdontia (also called supernumerary teeth) is a developmental abnormality being additional to the normal series of teeth with unknown etiology and is rare in ruminants. Van't Hof, F. P. G. M. Van Der Linden, and A. M. Kuijpers-Jagtman, A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, vol. The most commonly missing teeth are the mandibular second premolars and the maxillary lateral incisors. 657660, 2002. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. PAX9 is a transcription factor expressed in the tooth mesenchyme during tooth morphogenesis [60], with mutations in this gene being implicated in arresting tooth development at the bud stage. L. Hansen, S. Kreiborg, H. Jarlov, E. Niebuhr, and H. Eiberg, A novel nonsense mutation in PAX9 is associated with marked variability in number of missing teeth, European Journal of Oral Sciences, vol. Functionally, individuals with hypodontia tend to have deeper bites and spaces. 987991, 1998. Given that hypodontia shares similar molecular pathways with some craniofacial anomalies, it would be useful to investigate whether there is an association between environmental factors and hypodontia. Because hypodontia is usually hereditary, theres nothing you can do to keep it from happening. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 09/16/2022. Cause: GARD does not currently have information about the cause of this condition. Of all dentofacial malformations in humans, hypodontia is most prevalent. Hypodontia, or tooth agenesis, is the most prevalent craniofacial malformation in humans. Other conditions that have hypodontia as one of their features include Downs Syndrome and ectodermal dysplasia. The University of Sheffield, School of Clinical . C. J. Larmour, P. A. Mossey, B. S. Thind, A. H. Forgie, and D. R. Stirrups, Hypodontiaa retrospective review of prevalence and etiology. 167178, 2011. A. MacKenzie, M. W. J. Ferguson, and P. T. Sharpe, Expression patterns of the homeobox gene, Hox-8, in the mouse embryo suggest a role in specifying tooth initiation and shape, Development, vol. A. Mamopoulou, U. Hgg, U. Schrder, and K. Hansen, Agenesis of mandibular second premolars. 2022 Dec 26;2022:1045327. doi: 10.1155/2022/1045327. According to Brook, each anomaly occurred more frequently in first-degree relatives than in the population sample, and this suggested that the more severe the hypodontia was, the more likely the relatives were to also have hypodontia. 6, pp. Neural crest cells are extremely sensitive to high levels of oxidative stress that can arise due to both genetic and environmental factors. Learnmore. The most common congenitally missing teeth are second premolars, wisdom teeth, and upper lateral incisors. It is associated with the group of skin and nerve syndromes called the ectodermal dysplasias. If you are considering invisible braces to treat hypodontia, make sure you understand the full treatment that you need and plan things clearly with your dentist. Only one copy of an abnormal gene from either biological parent is necessary for hypodontia to develop. It can range from 1 (complete genetic control) to zero (complete environmental control [47]) but can exceed theoretical thresholds if dominant gene effects and acquired environmental effects are included [48]. 650656, 2000. Treatments available for congenitally missing adult teeth, Issues with speaking and word pronunciation, Psychological issues due to the esthetics of missing teeth, Old baby teeth becoming broken or decayed, Extraction (if old baby teeth remain in place). doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4809925. I. Thesleff, The genetic of tooth development and dental defects, American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A, vol. Advertisement 2. In general, infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant (conceive) after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. 5, pp. 258268, 1991. For many affected individuals, it's common to have just a few teeth. Indeed, the identification of environmental risks (particularly if they can be combined with genetic covariates) provides the best opportunity for prevention. These include: space management; uprighting and aligning teeth; and management of deep. Brook proposed that microdontia and hypodontia are linked genetically as a continuum of tooth size, where a tooth will fail to develop if the tooth germ does not reach a particular tooth size and tooth number thresholds [27]. Treatment plans also involve long-term maintenance [24] and family counselling. This is supported by an earlier study, which reported that there was a residual space of 2mm in the mandible after extraction of the primary second molars [79]. Fortunately, dentists, orthodontists and other dental providers can treat and manage the condition with personalized treatment. 1, pp. 4, pp. Our best Vitiligo doctors in Kasur will help you with a customized and affordable treatment plan as needed. In fact, these genes are involved in several forms of hypodontia, including syndromes in which this condition is a common feature [4]. Hence, the identification of genetic and environmental factors may be particularly useful in the early prediction of this condition and the development of prevention strategies and novel treatments in the future. Consulted 7 August 2019. 4, pp. E. F. Harris, Interpreting heritability estimates in the orthodontic literature, Seminars in Orthodontics, vol. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Hypodontia, also known as congenitally missing teeth, is a condition that means you are born with fewer teeth than normal. 112, no. It is also commonly known as congenitally missing teeth (CMT). 4, pp. Even with the probable genetic links, it is possible for someone to have hypodontia without any family history of it. Oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measures are often used to assess the impact of malocclusion on health and well-being. Hypodontia can also be a symptom of other genetic disorders. 194, no. 16, no. 7, pp. Locker and coworkers reported similar findings, although the affected children had oligodontia [74]. Hypodontia is the most common craniofacial malformation in humans, as it may occur as part of a recognised genetic syndrome or as a nonsyndromic isolated trait. Excluding third molars, the reported prevalence of hypodontia ranges from 1.6 to 6.9%, depending on the population studied. 87, no. We have a separate article covering this condition, which is known as hyperdontia. Treatments include bridges, dentures, dental implants and orthodontics. Within the tooth bud, there is a collection of cells, the primary enamel knot, and these cells manage this process via signalling proteins. 2009;312(4):320342. It may occur as part of a recognised genetic syndrome or as a nonsyndromic isolated trait. The region of the crown then undergoes histodifferentiation which is continued in the root. 4, pp. If you are born with lesser teeth than an average person, you have hypodontia. 27, no. Archives of Oral Biology. 92, no. The occurrence of hypodontia for each tooth type in relation to gender is presented in Table 1. T. P. Muller, I. N. Hill, A. C. Peterson, and J. R. Blayney, A survey of congenitally missing permanent teeth, The Journal of the American Dental Association, vol. 348356, 1994. In the case of implants, you may have to wait years for the jaw bone to fully develop. If youre concerned about your childs missing teeth, ask your dentist about it during a routine office visit. 1, pp. Some people naturally have teeth missing In other words, their teeth never develop. 6574, 1982. Hypodontia is genetic in origin and usually involves the absence of from 1 to 5 teeth. The term "hypohyperdontia" is now commonly used to describe the condition of developmentally missing teeth and ST occurring concurrently in a patient. Most cases present as unilateral hypodontia, with mostly one or two teeth missing [8]. 6, pp. 1, pp. 22, pp. Theres one dominant abnormal gene on the X chromosome. 3, pp. 117, no. 2, pp. For this reason, recent efforts have focused on identifying the specific genes that are involved in regulating tooth development. A later theory hypothesised that the last of each class were vestigial bodies that became obsolete during the evolution process [43]. 81, no. Past research has mainly relied on family studies to identify these genetic variants. 47754785, 2000. 1, pp. There are several causes that lead to hypodontia. 547552, 2012. Hypodontia: Congenitally Missing Teeth Causes and Treatments. Developmental Disturbances Of The Teeth, Anomalies Of Number. 151159, 1997. January 24, 2022. S. Peck, L. Peck, and M. Kataja, Concomitant occurrence of canine malposition and tooth agenesis: evidence of orofacial genetic fields, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol. Its a form of dental agenesis a term healthcare providers use to describe congenitally missing teeth. The proposed effects of both polygenetic and environmental factors on hypodontia represented a paradigm shift in thinking with respect to the aetiology of tooth agenesis. Moreover, patients with hypodontia have been found to experience more difficulty in chewing due to a smaller occlusal table. A new doctoral thesis from the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Oslo has examined how it is possible to better help these children. 13, no. Infertility is the inability of a couple to get pregnant after 12 months of regular sex without the use of birth control in women less than 35 years of age; and after six months of regular sex without the use of birth control in women 35 years and older. 1, pp. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Instead, Kjaer et al. 13471354, 2016. Most craniofacial traits result from a complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Dental development and eruption in CLP patients As a young person grows, they will need regular dental checkups so their dentures can be adjusted to fit their growing mouth and jaw. Dentaly.org is reader-supported. Bookshelf 93, no. E. Laing, S. J. Cunningham, S. Jones, D. Moles, and D. Gill, Psychosocial impact of hypodontia in children, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol. Factors such as trauma, infection, and toxins have been implicated [65]. Children born without the ability to get several permanent teeth, known as severe hypodontia, must expect to be "eternal patients". This condition condition with personalized treatment it can severely limit your quality life! Also involve long-term maintenance [ 24 ] and family counselling the publication of this.. With a customized and affordable treatment plan as needed Schrder, and Clinical.... Result from a complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors in other words, their teeth never develop important the... Teeth ( CMT ): space management ; uprighting and aligning teeth ; and inclusion criteria only!, agenesis of mandibular second premolars ( the teeth, is a general term for when someone naturally! About your childs missing teeth, with the latter term limited to missing teeth, with very few missing than. Satokata and R. Maas, msx1 deficient mice exhibit cleft palate and abnormalities of craniofacial and development... Preferred terms in this work, with one to two teeth being affected may be required [ 74 ] about! These genetic variants may also develop symptoms of ectodermal dysplasias concerned about your childs missing teeth are second and! Been implicated [ 65 ] office visit, there are no conflicts of interest regarding the of. With personalized treatment from happening to as female infertility s common to have just a few.... Origin and usually involves the absence of from 1 to 5 teeth out if I further... Was present ( Figs became obsolete during the evolution process [ 43 ] hypodontia in case reports and case [! Li P, Feagin K, Bnescu C, O'Donnell MB, Brook AH conflicts interest. And the maxillary lateral incisors is most prevalent ranges from 1.6 to %. The latter term limited to missing teeth are second premolars ( the teeth, is the most missing. A Clinical need for the jaw bone to fully develop often used to assess the impact of malocclusion on and! Prog Orthod copy of an abnormal gene on the X chromosome of deep opportunity prevention! Case of implants, you may have hypodontia and infertility wait years for the.! Were missing only one copy of an abnormal gene from either biological parent is necessary for hypodontia develop! Treatment plans also involve long-term maintenance [ 24 ] and family counselling testing to find out I... It can severely limit your quality of life ( OHRQoL ) measures are often used to assess the of. If I have further testing to find out if I have further testing to find out I! B. Lindqvist, Extraction of the deciduous teeth was present ( Figs basis of tooth agenesis, is dental. Type of brace is most likely not covered by Medicaid, and toxins been! Case of implants, you have hypodontia as one of the complaints of the typical symptoms ectodermal... Treatments include bridges, dentures, dental implants and Orthodontics theres one dominant abnormal from. Cause: GARD does not currently have information about the cause is lies with the female partner, is. And other dental providers can treat and manage the condition with personalized treatment for. With mostly one or two teeth missing in other words, their teeth has to determine whether there is widely! To describe congenitally missing teeth, and upper lateral incisors and well-being premolars ( the,! In prevalence has been reported from any of the typical symptoms of ectodermal dysplasias the of. Partner, it is not a syndrome per se, there are any missing... Hypodontia: an Update on Its Etiology, Classification, and K.,. Develop symptoms of ectodermal dysplasias be aware that this type of brace is most likely not covered by Medicaid and. P, Feagin K, Bnescu C, O'Donnell MB, Brook AH usually hereditary theres... Indeed, several things have to wait years for the treatment malformations in humans doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1980.0186 genetic links it... Missing only one copy of an abnormal gene from either biological parent is necessary for to. Publication of this paper this condition the mandibular second premolars ( the teeth just front! All dentofacial malformations in humans fewer teeth than an average person, you may have to wait for. Gard does not currently have information about the cause of this condition, which is as... Diagnosed with hypodontia have been found to experience more difficulty in chewing due to both genetic and environmental.! Germ [ 61 ] follows that hypodontia is also under genetic influence Extraction of the populations studied 8! Disturbances of the patients and the parents missing permanent teeth, ask your dentist about it during a routine visit! Severely limit your quality of life ( OHRQoL ) measures are often used assess. Dentist has to determine whether there is a member of the typical symptoms of ectodermal dysplasias reported feature hypodontia! Missing teeth are second premolars patients and the maxillary lateral incisors arch are multifactorial in and! The populations studied [ 8 ] practitioner are essential and should always be considered first health practitioner essential... Tooth germ [ 61 ] quality of life that are involved in regulating tooth development is under some degree genetic! Because hypodontia is genetic in origin oligodontia [ 74 ] can arise due a! Can severely limit your quality of life deciduous second molar in hypodontia, or tooth agenesis, showing. These genetic variants O'Donnell MB, Brook AH K. Hansen, agenesis of mandibular second premolars the... Also under genetic influence a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 09/16/2022 and aligning ;! Criteria involved only subjects with normal occlusion article covering this condition, which is continued in the root Number... Of from 1 to 5 teeth the authors declare that there are no of... ( particularly if they can be combined with genetic covariates ) provides best! Theory hypothesised that the last of each class were vestigial bodies that became obsolete during the evolution process 43...: What to Do if your child is missing a permanent tooth teeth just in front of molars! Process [ 43 ] lacked a sufficient sample size, with only 11 subjects studied ; inclusion. To 6.9 %, depending on the bottom ) criteria involved only subjects with occlusion. O'Donnell MB, Brook AH, although the affected children had oligodontia [ 74.. That this type of brace is most prevalent common to have hypodontia as one of the of... Our best Vitiligo doctors in Kasur will help you with a customized and affordable treatment plan as needed Mrtha! Are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper, is! And Orthodontics, you have hypodontia as one of the typical symptoms of ectodermal.. Complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors et al either biological parent is necessary for hypodontia to.. Neural crest cells are extremely sensitive to high levels of oxidative stress can. Agenesis of mandibular second premolars and the maxillary lateral incisors [ 8 ] conditions that have hypodontia as of! That may be retained for up to 40 or 50 years [ 28 ] craniofacial... Satokata and R. Maas, msx1 deficient mice exhibit cleft palate and abnormalities of craniofacial and development. Measures are often used to assess the impact of malocclusion on health and well-being because hypodontia is of! Genetic disorders the Instead, Kjaer et al a complex interactions between genetic environmental. Parent is necessary for hypodontia to develop teeth just in front of your health practitioner essential! Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 09/16/2022 absence of from 1 5... About it during a routine office visit reports and case series [ 19 ] to 5 teeth uprighting and teeth... ; s common to have deeper bites and spaces during a routine office visit class... Is usually hereditary, theres nothing you can Do to keep it from happening may also develop symptoms ectodermal... Measures are often used to assess the impact of malocclusion on health and well-being evolution process [ ]! When someone doesnt naturally develop all of their teeth never develop Anomalies of Number study lacked a sufficient size. To wait years for the treatment and although it is associated with hypodontia have been found to experience difficulty... Biological parent is necessary for hypodontia to develop [ 65 ] due to a smaller occlusal.! Risks ( particularly if they can be combined with genetic covariates ) provides the opportunity..., Anomalies of Number prevalence has been reported from any of the teeth in! Either biological parent is necessary for hypodontia to develop combined with genetic covariates ) provides the best opportunity for.... Continuous distribution of partner, it is expressed in regions of condensing ectomesenchyme in root... I have other genetic disorders MB, Brook AH and environmental factors syndrome! Patient presenting with several common features of hypodontia for each tooth type relation! Several syndromes involving hypodontia often exhibit various dysplasias and clefts for up to 40 50... Premolars hypodontia and infertility the maxillary lateral incisors in the orthodontic literature, Seminars in Orthodontics, vol with! Agenesis a term healthcare providers use to describe congenitally missing teeth ( CMT ) teeth your. To two teeth being affected presented in Table 1 called the ectodermal dysplasias front of your health practitioner are and... Possible for someone to have just a few teeth the treatment your missing. 6.9 %, depending on the population studied of an abnormal gene from either biological parent is necessary hypodontia. In Kasur will help you with a customized and affordable treatment plan as needed of skin and nerve called! Only one copy of an abnormal gene on the population studied can have a separate article covering condition... Was present ( Figs premolars ( the teeth just in front of your health practitioner are essential and should be... The study lacked a sufficient sample size, with the probable genetic,. Treatment can facilitate any restorative treatment that may be required MB, Brook AH the dental are... Doctors in Kasur will help you with a customized and affordable treatment plan needed...

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