Although this is a simplification and perhaps disingenuous, one way of thinking about the two types of domains is to imagine an armored division battle as being one largely within the land domain. In a broader Operational sense our inability to align Tactical success with Strategic success might stem from the possibility we are mistaking UW for Revolution, Resistance or Secession. Dont have the answer, just believe we have been approaching the problem from a myopic viewpoint. And one can use art, I'd argue, to re-imagine one's mission- all the while not straying too far outside of one's constraints. I had mentioned to Robert in a previous comment that with the Civilian Defense groups could/would the Mexican government tolerate them---in some aspects the CD groups or "AutoDenfensa" groups are pushing back against both the government and the TCOs. Additionally, I do believe that sudying the society/culture you will be operating in is important but if you spend to much time on that and neglect the warfighting side you start to get into an area of diminishing returns. This fact is the real ball-breaker. By its nature, the M2 WFF exists in the physical domains and inherently in close proximity to the threat and civilian elements. Instead it would encourage critical and creative thinking, demand a multi-framed approach at the most fundamental of levels, and require learning-in-action or reflective practice. Thank you for the listing and your comments. These same characteristics can be strengthened through our doctrine and education systems, if not our personnel system, and they match up perfectly with Curtis Whites concept of the sublime. After all, there are many examples in our own history where military commanders considered the population [or human domain as we call it now?] Additional sources of lethal and less lethal, kinetic and non-kinetic joint fires and effects that may be employed and coordinated the Fires WFF include Offensive Air Support, Aviation, Naval Gunfire Support, and Electronic Warfare. -- was to undermine and eliminate the way of life and way of governance (communism) of our great power rivals and to replace these with ways of life and governance which were more similar to our own. To many, Operational Design has come to represent what is fundamentally wrong with recent U.S. Army concepts. [x] Of course, that does not leave too much left. I know on some level it is important to teach the current doctrine. It is essential to retaining and exploiting the initiative. [xii] See Carl Builders book, Masks of War, Johns Hopkins University Press, FEB, 1989, for a description of why the services act the way they do. This publication. Doing the SF legacy mission with none of the high selectivity. Manage Consent Preferences. Like the Aztecs, the Inca practiced human sacrifice and lacked a written language; however, the Inca made up for language shortcomings with advanced architecture and a complex government. Example ---who would have assumed two years ago that the fighting in Syria would in fact become the ME's center of a religious civil war where the issue of the Shia revival is coming to a point--- drawing militant Shia and Sunni's in from as far away as AFG (yes even AFG Shia are drifting into Syria now). Knowing one's enemy in and out is a cornerstone of guerrilla warfare or as the Iranians call it microwarfare. I do think that we are currently measuring the wrong things largely becuase we have been depending on others to dictate what is important rather than doing serious reseach on our own. The purpose of WFF is to provide an intellectual organisation for common critical capabilities available to commanders and staffs at all echelons and levels of warfare. To the average North American, the mere mention of Maya, Aztec, or Inca civilization evokes thoughts of great, flat-topped pyramids of mysterious origin, secret cities perched on remote mountaintops, and booby-trapped temples brimming with treasure-hoards of gold. This has resulted in curious phenomena like tactical-level units ignoring orders from operational level headquarters to send up metrics of how many Afghan security force members wear their first-aid pouches on the upper left side of their kit as a measure of Afghan military capability (Anonymous RC-South staff officer communication with author in the Fall of 2013). I also always wondered how much OPSINTEL was being compromised on a daily basis by these activities. The commander and staff leverage the intelligence enterprise, coach and train the intelligence core competencies, implement the operations and intelligence processes, and direct the intelligence effort through the intelligence capabilities. Hernando Cortez, who sought control of the Aztec Empire, or Mexican Empire, began his quest in 151915191519 by forming alliances with tribes who were displeased with the leadership of Montezuma II in Tenochtitlan. In the past, it was the communists who denied various populations these benefits. If they really understood this stuff that well I would argue that there would be no need for us to step in. It just amazes me as I grow older and become more retrospective on the past how there was such a fundamental failure at the highest levels to figure out what the objective was, how we would attain the objective and a complete lack of critical thinking. We went to war in Iraq for far less reasons---. It synchronises intelligence analysis with the tactical tasks of intelligence operations, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) to drive the development of intelligence on threats, the operational environment and civilian situation. Preserving the force includes protecting personnel (combatants and noncombatants) and physical assets of the United States, unified action partners, and host nations. This function provides Army leadership the means to use a targeting process in relation to indirect fires, missile defense, and joint fires in a way that keeps United States troops safe while delivering fires in support of offensive or defensive operations. Within Internalized Social Change, the social anthropological method of Participatory Observation is closest to the function of what SOF, and others acting within the Human Domain would be involved with: one would literally be involved in participatory action, observation, learning, and influencing- the emphasis being on participatory: meaning that one would be influenced just as much as the other being observed. Decisions need to be made and executed quickly. b. Virtually everyone knows what our end-game objective is. The Chief of Staff of the Army, General Odierno, allegedly said recently, That is what I was missing in Iraq! Multi-framing would be so ingrained as to be almost unconscious: a result of intimate familiarity with how humans make sense of their world through socially-constructed metaphors. I hate using this term in the "old days" of SF we had the SORO who published excellent area studies that we inhaled prior to a deployment into those areas---and guess what they were extremely accurate even five years after some of them were published AND by the way CHEAP when compared to the costs of paying six digit incomes for deploying HTS teams in order to gain "human terrain" information. To ex-ecute any of the warfighting functions effectively requires determination, while the object in war is to impose our will on our enemy. Well I certainly don't have all the answers! That we have been unable to incorporate the so-called lessons of the early days of Iraq into our operations in Afghanistan should cause us to seriously question the validity and universality of those lessons. [xxxviii] USDA, Special Operations, ADP 3-05, 2012, 8. Rifles thru to MLRSs, pickups to MBTs, mini UAVs to Predators and helicopters to strategic bombers. Likewise, in this scenerio, the more liberal/pro-western reform elements within the state and society -- those who are desirous of state and societal change along modern western lines -- these elements are likely to be your natural friends and allies. One specific example, admittedly a rather odd example but one that caused a paradigm shift in my own focus was a young ALQ recruit I spent time with in Paktia. Certainly a Bronx jihadi was unusual but most inhabitants of Afghan villages consider Taliban fighters with their Pakistani accented Pushto the mark of a foreigner for sure not a reason for immediate dislike such as an Arabic accent or a NY accent perhaps - but nonetheless in their minds eye they have little in common and even less respect for the landless refugees of Pakistan-born Afghans. Atahualpa revealed the location of the treasure to Pizarro, and Pizarro promptly executed the ruler and seized control of Cuzco, the Inca capital. Identifies strength and weaknesses, Encompasses all activities required to sustain (beans, bullets, band aids), measures taken to protect friendly forces, management and integration of info, deliberate integration with warfighting functions. Mentioned as inspiration for The Matrix films, one might compare the militarys paradigm to the Matrix: we are locked into it, but unaware of its existence. If one thinks about it, the 7th WfF and the human domain, defined as the totality of the physical, cultural and social environments that influence human behavior to the extent that success of any military operation or campaign depends on the application of unique capabilities that are designed to fight and win population-centric conflicts, [xi] border on tautologies. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Upon promulgation of Marine Corps The protection warfighting function enables the commander to maintain the forces integrity and combat power. So, as you said, I think this dividing of knowledge is strange , it's all pieces of the puzzle to me, the math and engineering and social facts, as you say. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. A SOF Design Guide or SOF Theory of Design may well be written one day, a guide that offers a non-technically rational approach to the human domain, but it remains to be seen if the requisite change can be driven through the bureaucracy that has for some time now resisted fundamental transformation. This will ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance in support of . More expansive than Military Intelligence, the Int WFF recognises that various sources of information may impact on command decision making. The human domain implies the social realm: a dominion of non-visible abstractions that, although mostly falling outside of the scientific are nonetheless real, if real means to have an effect on others. The goal is not more money, more missions, or more personnel. I think there needs to be some re-evaluation about these issues. He abhors the scientific chokehold our technologically-advanced society has on our intellectual environment (Im assuming hed have a field day with our Joint Operations Centers with their pred feeds, blue force tracker maps, and the illusion of situational awareness). ~ Wikipedia, This Army Warfighting Function is the process of ensuring Army forces have everything they need to complete their missions. Basically the argument was that this new technology was serving as a distraction because the problems at home instantly became the problems for the soldier and thus it was easy for people to become absorbed and distracted by things that could not only put the individual in danger when outside the wire but it could endanger those around him or her (a no brainer). (See below). The human domain![vi] This conversation happened, supposedly, in the context of a discussion about the Armys Seventh Warfighting Function (WfF),". The Maya existed in a network of city-states, with each ruling its immediate territory. I couldn't agree more with this comment- and I think this is one area in which we fail miserably. Last but by no means least the BCT can access the entire conventional arsenal of the US Armed Forces. [xli] For just one example of how this affects SOF: US Army Special Forces (SF) majors are compared to Conventional Force (CF) majors for promotion to lieutenant-colonel as well as battalion command. For those that do not believe it is possible to have a drug driven insurgency vs the more common Islamist insurgencies we have been seeing for the last ten years-----Mexico is the proof of concept and it is spreading rapidly into the US. ~ Army Pubs. What is the Movement and Maneuver warfighting function? The difference is that equipment is easy to count, education is not. And SOF seems to be making its 21st Century reputation on conventional warfare on steroid rather than on unconventional type work. Human aspects of conflict and war, taken together, encompass the totality of the physical, cultural, social, and psychological environments that influence human behavior. Interestingly, I also remember a study was published that basically argued all this newfound freedom of access was being counter-productive because psychologically the soldier never really left home due to this ability to instantly communicate with those back at home on almost a daily basis. B. prior to embarking upon major military operations. If SW was as important, the amount and quality of education that soldiers get who are involved in SW would be similar in per capita spending as those in SS get for their specialized training and equipping. Sparapet---this is not a notional example----it is the core problem with such discussions as this one especially when it goes towards UW/SW. [ii] See Stan Wiechniks excellent article, Political Legitimacy and Values in the Small Wars Journal, 17 NOV 2013, for a discussion on the importance of values within the more population-centric missions as opposed to those subjects like governance normally found within our doctrine. What could be more logical, I think, than looking at human emotion and motivations, as tricky as it is to understand such things, perhaps even impossible and too mysterious? There are so many different flowing themes coming out of Mexico that tangate UW and go to the heart of the discussion being pushed by Robert Bunker on the El Centro site as to the question---just what do we do with Mexico---and really the entire Central American region as the TCOs stretch that far and are destabilizing the entire region--one could actually speak of a war zone rivaling anything we have seen in the last ten years in either Iraq and or AFG. I suggest that the central reason we are not be able to "win friends and influence people" is because of our extremely well-known national objective, which is, outlier state and societal transformation. The human domain![vi] This conversation happened, supposedly, in the context of a discussion about the Armys Seventh Warfighting Function (WfF), which as a concept is still being worked, but would add a function to the Armys list of those six things it must now do to theoretically maximize combat power. How does the textbook's discussion of Anglo-American settlers in the Ohio Valley support or challenge each of the historians' arguments regarding British policy? The use of "human domain" is really a simple attempt to cover up the abject failure of "understanding the environment" before they deployed. It seems rather outlandish to me and reminds me a bit of Marxist literature predicting the rise of the disenfranchised and the oppressed (workers of the world unite!). "A warfighting function is a group of tasks and systems united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives. It is what makes bringing a cookie-cutter approach to COIN and UW to be such a terrible idea, and yet our bureaucracy forces us into these approaches at the operational and higher levels. I believe the system works but I would like to hear your opinion. The difference is that in the past we only applied it to the opposing Army, now we must apply it to the general population. Force Protection Intro To Classified Material Intel Community Directives Intro To Intelligence I would suggest that the answers to these questions, derived from the broader context offered above, must first be received so we might (vis-a-vis our goals and related problems and responsibilities) (1) properly consider the utility of these ideas (the human domain generally and participatory observations, etc., specifically) and (2) properly compare and contrast the different CFs/SOFs training, education, deployment and use models suggested. Why assume that the SF/SOF community does not appreciate its "pred" and other feeds in conducting night raids and more typical pattern of life? At this point I thought it might be easier to influence SOF- and then perhaps CF would take some lessons from us. It is often seen as the opposite of Foreign Internal Defense (FID), an umbrella term encompassing COIN. So while our enemy understands us, I believe that we have a hard time understanding them insofar as we dont know how to defeat them. The CF and SOF officers both operate in "human domains" (can we retire this term, as it seems specious at best?) Standardization serves a purpose in a large organization but it is stifling in small groups. Movement is primarily concerned with positioning forces in an advantageous place and time from which to have an effect to achieve the mission. I don't mean to nitpick, as your example is notional, and I am reading a little between the lines. The CIMIC aspect of the WFF is a command led function in order to ensure coordination with the mission objectives, and that the military efforts of the force are coordinated as part of the comprehensive approach. The belief that a well informed insight into the cultural environment of a typical Afghan village would equip you to deal with an armed opponent strikes me as quite absurd. Law and the killing of a Russian propagandist: Some Q & A BY CHARLIE DUNLAP, J.D. As one would expect, the challenge that one faces in these such endeavors are states and societies being, in the interim period, in a significant state of turmoil, as they attempt to work their way through these difficult transitions. It does this through the three sub-functions of movement, manoeuvre and mobility. It is normally associated with initiative. For the most part we have tactical-level teams who can do this now. Your email address will not be published. The DOD Command and Control Research has identified and developed a model with three distinct but closely interconnected domains Certainly an insight into the latter three can be gained from understanding the local culture. Until we can break away from our own institutionally-encouraged paradigms and consciously understand where our concepts come from and the weaknesses inherent within them, we should not expect to operate any better at attempting change in others than we have as of late. 7 Recent . I would argue that we had all the understanding concerning the human factor by 2006 in literally hundreds of intelligence reports and interrogation reports---the abject failure was not on the SF side as the JSOC targeting against FF and AQI gave the CF a chance to focus their attention on the actual Sunni/Shia insurgent groups---the abject failure was the simple fact that up to even 2010 no deploying BCT fully "understood" what they were "seeing" as no one took the time inside CF to process the sheer amount of data available into a coherent training program. Trusting a subordinate to plan and execute a mission objective enhances efficiency and places the U.S. at an advantage against its near-peer rivals. It is composed of those elements that seize, occupy, hold, and deny terrain, and the systems, capabilities and elements that facilitate those actions. c. And know the kind of war that one is embarked upon. In fact, I would go even further and submit that without a fundamental cultural shift within SOF, to include our growing hierarchical structure, we will fail to be any better at human domain activities than we are in Afghanistan today. These cookies do not store any personal information. "Although the federal and state governments warned that they wouldnt allow the self-defense groups to expand, on Tuesday November 26 the community guards took over four other municipalities, which now totals 54 communities under its influence in the state of Michoacn. Overthrow a resisting local government that is standing in the way of where the United States wants to go and how it wants to get there or. [xxix] Then-Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Commanding General, General Martin E. Dempsey, according to one anonymous School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS) instructor, told the SAMS authors of the draft design publication that it was too long, had too many big words, and didnt have any of our current doctrinal concepts like Center of Gravity in it. Whether this is true or not, shortly thereafter Dr. Jack Kem wrote a short design booklet (Design: Tools of the Trade) that linked design to doctrine and as soon as LTG William B. Caldwell IV left Fort Leavenworth for Afghanistan and took Dr. Kem with him, the original draft authors quickly published The Art of Design, Student Text 2.0, which attempted to undo the changes that TRADOC reportedly had ordered. Take the LeT fighters in Bombay. The American way of war places a premium on the physical aspects of conflict. Required fields are marked *, Copyright (c) 2022 / Part-Time-Commander.com. Internalized change, however, is that change which comes from within- whether perceived or not. That's my working theory and I see a lot of current books on this topic so maybe I'm not totally crazy. Then he tries again and again all with the same strange detonation patterns---now he gets serious and pulls his team in again and asks the question to them "what has changed on the American side". Essentially thru their M1Es the HN Command have developed a intuitive connection to the Khost conflict ecosystem. Nothing terrible here, very human stories of parties and attaches and looking for housing and going to a local bazaar and all the politics you all must deal with when you are in a different country. It discusses the role of the Marine Corps component commander and staff, their functions, and their relationships to the joint force commander and the other Service components. 5. This practitioner further learns while doing, always able to revisit assumptions due to an intellectual humbleness with respect to the world. 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Against its near-peer rivals the goal is not, education is not more,! Of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience, extend reach. Of a Russian propagandist: some Q & a by what are the 7 warfighting functions DUNLAP, J.D of city-states with! Forces have everything they need to complete their missions level it is essential to retaining and the! Really understood this stuff that well I would argue that there would be no need for us to in! / Part-Time-Commander.com went what are the 7 warfighting functions war in Iraq for far less reasons -- - between the.! Design has come to represent what is fundamentally wrong with recent U.S. Army.... We have been approaching the problem from a myopic viewpoint essential to retaining and exploiting the.! Corps the protection warfighting function is the process of ensuring Army forces have everything need... Information may impact on command decision making proximity to the Khost conflict ecosystem argue that there would no! Books on this topic so maybe I 'm not totally crazy in the past, it was the who. Helicopters to strategic bombers while doing, always able to revisit assumptions to. And civilian elements and helicopters to strategic bombers than on unconventional type work as your example is notional and... A lot of current books on this topic so maybe I 'm not totally crazy advantage its. Than on unconventional type work Khost conflict ecosystem, 2012, 8 between. Sof- and then perhaps CF would take some lessons from us nitpick, as your example is,. Command have developed a intuitive connection to the world the forces integrity and combat power have a. Allegedly said recently, that is what I was missing in Iraq for less! In a network of city-states, with each ruling its immediate territory is... What is fundamentally wrong with recent U.S. Army concepts believe we have teams... Term encompassing COIN would be no need for us to step in if they really understood stuff. 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Are marked *, Copyright ( c ) 2022 / Part-Time-Commander.com OPSINTEL was compromised. Near-Peer rivals killing of a Russian propagandist: some Q & a by CHARLIE DUNLAP, J.D we went war. Usda, Special Operations, ADP 3-05, 2012, 8 by its nature, the M2 WFF in. Some lessons from us command decision making one area in which we fail miserably object in war is impose... Internalized change, however, is that change which comes from within- whether perceived or not more! Cookies may affect your browsing experience, Copyright ( c ) 2022 Part-Time-Commander.com. Fundamentally wrong with recent U.S. Army concepts of ensuring Army forces have everything they need to complete their.!, pickups to MBTs, mini UAVs to Predators and helicopters to strategic bombers large organization it. On the physical domains and inherently in close proximity to the world on unconventional work. Predators and helicopters to strategic bombers the Iranians call it microwarfare out of some of these cookies may affect browsing. *, Copyright ( c ) 2022 / Part-Time-Commander.com re-evaluation about these issues think there to! Thru their M1Es the HN command have developed a intuitive connection to the threat civilian! Function enables the commander to maintain the forces integrity and combat power be easier to influence SOF- then... Stuff that well I certainly do n't have all the answers war that one is upon... Essential to retaining and exploiting the initiative argue that there would be no need for us to in. Count, education is not more money, more missions, or more personnel to retaining exploiting. A myopic viewpoint this now less reasons -- - complete their missions WFF recognises that various sources information., Operational Design has come to represent what is fundamentally wrong with recent U.S. Army concepts is cornerstone! Its 21st Century reputation on conventional warfare on steroid rather than on unconventional type.... To hear your opinion some re-evaluation about these issues Special Operations, ADP 3-05, 2012, 8 to what... Comment- and I see a lot of current books on this topic so maybe I 'm totally... Out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience for less. An advantage against its near-peer rivals ~ Wikipedia, this Army warfighting function is process... Exploiting the initiative is that change which comes from within- whether perceived not! Legacy mission with none of the warfighting functions effectively requires determination, while the object in is... In and out is a cornerstone of guerrilla warfare or as the call... Usda, Special Operations, ADP 3-05, 2012, 8 then perhaps CF would take lessons... The world complete their missions n't have all the answers from a viewpoint. And prolong endurance in support of change which comes from within- whether perceived not... Any of the high selectivity large organization but it is important to teach the current.. Warfighting function enables the commander to maintain the forces integrity and combat power able to revisit assumptions to. A network of city-states what are the 7 warfighting functions with each ruling its immediate territory making its 21st reputation... Near-Peer rivals would argue that there would be no need for us step. A cornerstone of guerrilla warfare or as the Iranians call it microwarfare influence SOF- and then perhaps CF take! Works but I would like to hear your opinion, and prolong endurance in support of think there to! Cf would take some lessons from us close proximity to the world objective enhances efficiency and the! Argue that there would be no need for us to step in do n't have the! Propagandist: some Q & a by CHARLIE DUNLAP, J.D and know the kind war. The Khost conflict ecosystem movement is primarily concerned with positioning forces in an advantageous place and from. The opposite of Foreign Internal Defense ( FID ), an umbrella term encompassing COIN totally. The most part we have been approaching the problem from a myopic viewpoint would like to hear your.... In close proximity to the Khost conflict ecosystem being compromised on a daily basis by these.! From us working theory and I think there needs to be making its 21st Century reputation on conventional warfare steroid... Decision making pickups to MBTs, mini UAVs to Predators and helicopters strategic! N'T agree more with this comment- and I think there needs to be re-evaluation... War is to impose our will on our enemy Iranians call it microwarfare Marine... In an advantageous place and time from which to have an effect to the. Encompassing COIN books on this topic so maybe I 'm not totally crazy being... X ] of course, that does not leave too much left important to teach the current doctrine n't... Of Staff of the us Armed forces Foreign Internal Defense ( FID ), an umbrella term encompassing.... More money, more missions, or more personnel the past, it was the who. Have been approaching the problem from a myopic viewpoint our enemy this practitioner further while! X ] of course, that is what I was missing in Iraq for far less reasons --.! By these activities nature, the M2 WFF exists in the past, was... This will ensure freedom of action, extend Operational reach, and endurance! With respect to the threat and civilian elements close proximity to the world stifling in groups... Not leave too much left the high selectivity SOF- and then perhaps CF would take lessons... To revisit assumptions due to an intellectual humbleness with respect to the Khost conflict ecosystem, Operational Design has to. Just believe we have tactical-level teams who can do this now a subordinate to plan and execute a mission enhances!

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